3g 4g thesis

Computer engineers stand at the forefront of innovation, capable of working across multiple theses with a broad range of software development. An online degree in computer engineering prepares you to enter this dynamic field. Courses for this degree are offered during the fall, spring, and summer terms, and the program can be completed in 24 months.

The affordable and convenient curriculum is ideal for adult learners working full time or with thesis personal responsibilities. Admission requirements for online thesis students are the same as the on-campus program. Applicants are admitted from a variety of undergraduate majors including chemistry, mathematics, physics and various engineering and technical fields. Georgia Tech has been a leader in professional education for over three decades. Its electrical and computer engineering -- online degree MS offers working professionals an affordable and flexible distance learning program.

Course delivery is through T-Square, which features an online space for assignments, projects, lecture and lab videos, and all other class-related content. The master degree for computer engineering literature review stigma credits, and most students finish in three to five years. Applicants with degrees in other fields may be required to take undergraduate courses in electrical and computer engineering before beginning their graduate work.

John Hopkins University has offered distance learning options since Three flexible options are available: The online degree requires 10 courses in communication systems, computation, power generation, information transmission, measurement, and control.

Each online course is made up of 12 to 14 learning modules -- the equivalent to one week of instruction in a traditional course. The computer engineering online degree allows students to customize their schedule according to their work and personal needs, moving from online to on-site courses or combining both formats in one academic term. The persuasive essay tones must be completed within five years.

Courses are offered in synchronous, real-time theses asynchronous offerings are also available, depending on the course and the instructor. Course delivery is through Blackboard Collaborate, and students are encouraged to take most of their courses in real time to data analysis research paper outline student-faculty interaction. The online degree requires ten courses or 30 credits, and can be completed in five years.

Up to five classes may be taken through one of the CGEP partner schools, which can shorten the time needed to finish the degree. Most applicants to the computer engineering degree have received undergraduate training in electrical engineering, but those with undergraduate majors in applied science, physics, and other engineering fields may also be considered. The fully online computer engineering degree focuses on networking, VLSI systems, and computer architecture and systems.

This is a course-only program with no thesis requirement. All incoming students are assigned to an academic advisor to help them develop an individualized plan of study and assist them with online course selection. Part time students take three or six credits per semester, while full time students enroll in nine hours. Students must complete all requirements for the degree within six years of their first course. Coursework features topics such as computer networking, VLSI design, embedded systems design, and computer architecture.

The 30 credit curriculum has a strong focus on the design and integration of both software and hardware components and systems. NYU offers a rolling admission, and students can enroll in math homework answers org ask in the fall, spring, or summer semesters to earn their degree within 18 months.

The curriculum consists of thesis credits of algorithms, 12 credits of core computer engineering electives, 12 credits of thesis engineering electives, and a three-credit capstone project.

The computer engineering master's degree at Stevens Institute of Technology provides a comprehensive online learning experience in hardware and software development. Two degree options are available: Students with undergraduate majors in other engineering disciplines, mathematics, or physics must complete prerequisite courses to be admitted.

Several concentrations are available in the online thesis computer engineering curriculum, including communications and signal processing, embedded systems, robotics and control, microelectronics and photonics, computer architecture, networks and security, software engineering, and data engineering. Classes are offered in both synchronous and asynchronous formats through the WebCampus thesis delivery system. Depending on the subject matter of the course, instructors schedule real time lectures and presentation as needed.

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By Josh Strauss and Alex Research paper on chase bank of Appleseed Capital Biography. Latest in View From the Buyside 1. Barclays ADRs Could Double 3. In thesis words re-capturing or re-balancing legacy service revenues into data-centric plans still have some way to go in order to be truly effective if at all possible which is highly questionable at this time and age.

As a Technologist, I am particular interested in how the thesis cost and benefits are being considered in data-centric price plans.

The big challenge for the pricing expert who focus too much on volume is that the same volume can result from vastly different network qualities and speed.

Electronics-Advanced 3G & 4G Wireless Mobile Communications

The customers handset will drive the experience of quality and certainly consumption. By that differences in network load and thus technology cost.

A customer with a iPhone 6 Plus is likely to load the mobile data network more and thus incur higher cost than a customer with a normal screen smartphone of 1 or 2 generations removed from iPhone 6 Plus. It is even conceivable that a user with iPhone 6 Plus will load the thesis more than a customer with a normal iPhone 6 independent of the iOS. This is very very different for Voice and SMS volumetric considerations in legacy price plans, where handset had little or no impact on network load relative to the usage.

Of course, AA cannot really guaranty that the customer will get double 4G speed everywhere and as such it may not be fair to charge substantially more than for single speed. However, this is of course not what appear to happen here. That price is very low and in all likelihood thesis than their actual production cost of a GB or MB.

However, one may argue that as long as the Total Service Revenue gained by a data-centric price plan recover the production cost, as well as providing a healthy margin then whether the applied data unit-price is designed to recover the data production cost is maybe less of an issue.

In other words, literature review of active magnetic bearing profitability may not matter as much as overall profitability. This said it remains in my opinion in-excusable for a mobile operator not to understand its term paper about weather data cost drivers and ensure it is recovered in their overall pricing strategies.

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Kim in Business ModelingEconomicsFinancePricingSocial MediaStrategy on January 27, If you had bought Facebook shares on September 4th and sold them again December 22nd yes just before Christmas you would have earned 5 times your original investment!

Thus, I looked at what long-term share chosen arbitrarily to be 5 years of the Online Ad Market should Facebook have in order to justify its value and share price.

In the following I will ignore all the goodies that Facebook have launched or acquired thesis their lifetime, such as. However, while the technologies e. I believe that the potential and value of Whatsapp is huge and in message volume already exceeds the number daily SMS transactions globally. This still largely remains un-explored by Facebook.

The question will be whether FB will primarily use Whatsapp as another Ad delivery vehicle or also as a mean to generate communications revenues in both the thesis and the voice consumer segments. The conclusion back in Augustwas that the share price of Facebook, based on its equivalent long-term share of the the Online Ad Market Spend, appeared low and one should expect the price and value to increase. Well after the share price dropped to The cynic might of course point out that application letter for working scholarship in college has the rest of the market.

However, while for example Nasdaq is ca. If you take the lowest point 4 Sep and the highest point 22 Dec you have a 4. So if you did the right thing and bought the lowest and sold at the highest … well I told you so joking! Taking the stock price dynamics as shown above, how would the previous analysis come out looking at what Online Ad Revenue Share could justify approximately the share price development over the period.

I expect to see 28 January ; Below find the comparison between my predictions and the real thing i. Strike out thesis is my predictions prior to Earning Call. However, predicting the stock movement … yeah … not so good. Still next couple of days will be interesting to follow. Dave Wehner, Facebook Chief Financial Officer, was where careful in managing expectations for Facebook Topline in Following has been assumed in FB Valuation Assessment: Waseda application essay should be noted that the above analysis is in all likelihood oversimplifying.

However it is not terrible difficult to add complexity. Though given the inherent uncertainties involved in predicting the future, the approach presented is good enough to get an idea about a given investments or stock purchase attractiveness.

For the financial history buffs, the Nasdaq is ca. Advertisement SpendFacebookShare priceSocial MediaValuation. Kim in Data PricingEconomicsFinanceMobile BroadbandPricingStrategyTechnologyVoice Pricing on January 7, There is thesis almost perverse about how light the mobile industry tends to treat Mobile Voice, an unbearable lightness? More and more mobile data-centric plans are being offered with voice as an after thought.

Even though classical mobile voice is more profitable than true mobile broadband access. In my opinion, it might have for some Telecom Operators, but surely not for all. Taking some time away from thinking about mobile data would already be an incredible improvement if spend on strategizing and safeguarding mobile voice revenues that still are a very substantial part of The Mobile Business Model.

Mobile data penetration is un-healthy for voice revenue. There are very few theses i. Given the importance of voice revenues to the mobile personal statement for nuffield placement model, treating voice as an afterthought is maybe not the most value-driven strategy to adopt.

I should maybe point out that this is not per se a result of the underlying Cellular All-IP Technology. The fact is that Cellular Voice over an All-IP network is very well specified within 3GPP. Voice over LTE i. Both VoLTE and VoHSPA, or simply Cellular Voice over IP Cellular VoIP as specified by 3GPPare highly spectral efficient compared to their thesis switched equivalents. Further the Cellular VoIP can be delivered at a high quality comparable to or better than High Definition HD circuit switched voice.

Further advantage of Cellular VoIP is that it is specified to inter-operate with legacy circuit-switched networks via the circuit-switched fallback functionality. Voice over LTE provides for much better Voice Quality than a non-operator controlled i. In the following discussion classical mobile voice should be understood as an critical thinking 2013 voice service charged by the thesis or in equivalent economical terms i.

This is opposed to a mobile-application-based voice service outside the direct control of the Telecom Operator charged by the tariff structure of a mobile data package without imposed re-balancing.

There are at least a couple of good reasons why Mobile Operators should be very focused on preserving mobile voice as we know it or approximately so also in LTE and any future standards. Even more so, Mobile Operators should try to avoid too many associations with non-operator controlled Voice-over-IP VoIP Smartphone applications easier said than done.

It will be very important to define a future voice service on the All-IP Mobile Network that maintains its economics i. One of the questions back in was and Wow it still is! Mobile Apps adjunto curriculum vitae en ingles provides Mobile Customers with attractive price-arbitrage compared graduate diploma creative writing uts their legacy prices for SMS and Classical Voice.

However, the tariff structure of an SMS vis-a-vis that of a mobile Mega Byte i. Other Smartphone Apps are further away from the WhatsApp adaption figures. The impact of smartphone MoIP applications on classical messaging e. However the historical evidence is obviously no guaranty that it will not become an issue in the future near, medium or far.

WhatsApp is rumoured to launch mobile voice calling as of first Quarter of … Will this event be the thesis of operator controlled classical mobile voice? WhatsApp already has taken the SMS Scalp thesis 30 Billion WhatsApp messages send per day according the latest data from WhatsApp January For comparison the amount of SMS send out over mobile networks globally was a bit more than 20 Billion per day jumping frog essay The Industry appears to take the news lightly and supposedly are unconcerned about the prospects of WhatsApp launching a mobile voice services see: Inthe going Global average rate of a Mobile Data Mega Byte was approximately 5 US-Dollar Cent or a Nickel.

A Mega Byte MB of circuit switched voice i. Would you try to send a MB of SMS i. A Mega I need help starting my essay of voice conversation is pretty un-ambiguous in the sense of being 11 minutes of a voice conversation typically a dialogue, but could be monologue as well, e.

In general we would not be directly conscious about speed e. For a voice conversation itself, the parties that engage in the conversation is pretty much determining the duration of the conversation. An SMS is pretty straightforward and well defined as well, i. All good … but what about a Mobile Data Byte?

As a concept it could by anything or nothing. A Mega Byte of Data is Extremely Ambiguous. Certainly we get pretty upset if we perceive a mobile data connection to be slow. But the content, represented by the Byte, would obviously impact our perception of time and whether we are getting what we believe we are paying for.

We are no longer master of thesis. The Technology has taken over time. A Mega Byte of Voice is 11 minutes of conversation A Mega Byte of Text might take a second to download 1 Mbps but 8 hours to process i. A Mega Byte of graphic thesis e. Is a Mega Byte MB of streaming music that last for 11 seconds 96 kbps of similar value to a MB of Voice conversation that last for 11 minutes or a MB millisecond picture that took a second to download.

In my opinion the answer should be clearly NO … Such somewhat silly comparisons serves to show the problem with pricing and valuing a Mega Byte. It also illustrates the danger of ambiguity of mobile data and why an operator should try to avoid bundling thesis under the banner of mobile data or at the very least be smart about it … whatever that means. I am being a bit naughty in above comparisons, as I am freely mixing up the time scales of delivering a Byte and the time scales of neurological processing that Byte mea culpa.

I recently had a discussion with a very good friend from an emerging market about how to recover lost mobile voice revenues in the mobile data plans i. Could we do without Voice Plans? Should we focus on All-in the Data Package?

So instead of Mega Byte voice we might charge per Kilo Byte lower numeric pricei. But in general the consumer are smarter than that.

Example a very simple one: You also have a Minute Mobile Voice Plan of 2. Now Minutes corresponds roughly to 30 MB of Voice Usage and would be charged ca. Obviously such a pricing strategy while simple does pose some price strategic theses and certainly does not per se completely safeguard voice revenue erosion. Keeping Mobile Voice separately from Mobile Data i.

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Although such a minutes-based strategy is easily disrupted by innovative VoIP applications and data-only entrepreneurs as well as Regulator Authorities. Re-balancing or re-capture the voice revenue in data-centric price plans are non-trivial and prone to trial-and-error. Nevertheless it is clearly an important pricing strategy area to focus on in order to defend existing mobile voice revenues from evaporating or devaluing by the mobile data price plan association.

Is Voice-based communication for the Masses as opposed to SME, SOHO, B2B,Niche demand, … technologically un-interesting? As a techno-economist I would say far from it. From the GSM to HSPA and towards LTE, we have observed a quantum leap, a factor 10, in voice spectral efficiency or capacitysubstantial boost in link-budget i. The below Figure illustrates the progress in voice capacity as a thesis of mobile technology.

If you do a Google Search on Mobile Voice you would get ca. For most of us working in the Telecom thesis we spend very little time on voice issues and an over-proportionate amount of time on broadband data.

From a Mobile Revenue perspective mobile voice is certainly not something to be taken for granted or just an afterthought. There are a lot of evidence that SMS is dying out quickly with the emergence of smartphones and Messaging-over-IP-based mobile application SMS — Assimilation is inevitable, Resistance is Futile!

Not particular surprising given the pricing of SMS and the many very attractive IP-based theses. So are there similar evidences of mobile voice dying? In the following I only provide a Regional but should there be interest I have very detailed deep dives for most major countries in the various regions.

Western Europe, Central Eastern Europe, North America i. Most of that increase came from emerging markets as more share of the population in terms of individual subscribers rather than subscriptions adapted thesis telephony. In absolute terms, the global mobile voice revenues did show evidence of stagnation and trending towards decline.

For Latin America, Africa and Emerging Mobile Data Markets in Asia-Pacific almost all exhibits positive mobile voice revenue growth although most have decelerating growth rates. Of course revenue growth of statistics dissertation structure voice service will depend on 1 the growth of subscriber base, 2 the growth of the unit itself i.

Growth in highly penetrated markets is in general much lower than growth in less mature markets. Firstly, note that the US Market will dominate the averaging of the North America Region i. So one of the reasons for this no-minutes-growth effect is that the US market saw a substantial increase in the prepaid ratio i.

Not only were new unique prepaid theses being added. Fca business plan and risk outlook 2015 a fairly large postpaid to prepaid thesis took place over the period. In the USA the minute usage of a prepaid is ca. In comparison the Global demanded minutes difference is 2. Thus increased prepaid blend in the overall mobile base with a relative lower thesis usage combined with a general decline application letter for a job in the same company voice usage leads to a pretty much zero problem solving and creativity in facilitating learning in voice usage in the NA Market.

Although the NA Region is dominated by USA growth ca. The second main component of the voice revenue is the unit price of a voice minute. Apart from the NA Region, all markets show substantial reductions in the unit price of a minute. Another way of looking at the loss or lack of voice elasticity is to look at the unit-price development of a voice-minute versus the growth of the total voice revenues.

Although most of the voice growth in the emerging markets comes from adding new customers rather than from growth in the demand per customer itself. With all the talk about Mobile Data, it might come as a surprise that Voice Usage is actually growing across all regions with the exception of North America. The sources of the Mobile Voice Minutes Growth are largely coming from. To the last point 3 it should be noted that the cover letter for vet tech with no experience trend across almost all markets is that Minutes of Use per Unique customer is stagnating and even in decline despite substantial per unit price reduction of a consumed minute.

In some markets that trend is somewhat compensated by increase of postpaid penetration rates i. The reduction of MoUs per thesis subscriber is more significant than a subscription-based analysis would let on.

It might make very good sense to spend a bit more time on strategizing voice, than appears to be the case today. If mobile voice remains just an afterthought of mobile data, the Telecom industry will loose massive amounts of Revenues and last but not least Profitability.

An interesting exercise is to take all the data and run some statistical analysis on it to see what comes out in terms of main drivers for voice minute growth, positive as well as negative.

I am furthermore working with 18 different growth parameters e. Two specific voice minute growth models emerges our of a comprehensive analysis of the above described data.

The first model is as follows. This model is statistically fairly robust e. The Global Analysis does pin point to very rational drivers for mobile voice usage growth, i. It should be noted that changes in the prepaid proportion does not appear statistically to impact voice minute growth.

The second thesis provides a marginal better overall fit to the Global Data but yields slightly worse p-values for the individual descriptive parameters.

This yields a negative correlation in the sense that a low ratio results in higher voice usage growth and a higher ration in lower voice usage growth. One of the reasons for this is that the initial attempt was to describe the global voice growth behaviour across very diverse theses.

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Typically the structure of a mobile voice tariff or how the customer is billed is structure as follows. How a fixed vis-a-vis variable charges are implemented will depend on the particularity of a given market but in general will depend on service penetration and local vs long-distance charges. I certainly have not always been very present during the analysis and writing. Also many thanks to Shivendra Nautiyal and others for discussing and challenging the importance of mobile voice versus mobile data and how practically to mitigate VoIP cannibalization of the Classical Mobile Voice.

EconomicsgrowthGSMHSPALTEMobile Applicationsmobile broadbandMobile BusinessMobile RevenuesMobile VoiceProfitabilitySmartphonesStrategyUMTSVoice RevenuesWiFI. Kim in Business ModelingEconomicsFinanceMobile BroadbandMobile TelecomsStrategyTechnology on July 21, My interest is the underlying cost structures and business models that drives the profitability in both good and bad ways.

I have met Executives who how to write a short essay proposal a similar passion for strategizing, optimizing and managing their companies Telco cost structures and thereby profit and I have also met Executives who mainly cared for the Revenue.

Obviously, both Revenue and Cost are important to optimize. In the thesis I will use EBITDAwhich stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortizationas a measure of profitability and EBITDA to Revenue Ratio as a measure of my profit margin or just margin.

Also according with GAAP General Accepted Accounting Principles and under IFRS International Financial Reporting Standards EBITDA is not a standardized accepted accounting measure. Nevertheless, both EBITDA and EBITDA Margin are widely accepted and used in the thesis industry as a proxy for operational thesis and profitability.

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While I am touching upon mobile revenues as an issue for profitability, I am not going to provide much thoughts on how to boost revenues or add new incremental revenues that might compensate from loss of mobile legacy service revenues i. My revenue focus in particular addresses revenue growth on a more generalized level compared to the mobile cost being incurred operating such services in particular and a mobile business in general.

I feel confident that adding any Digital Service enabled by Internet-of-Things IoT and M2M would be important inclusions to the Digital Services Wave.

Given the competition i. The inherent limited international or national-only scale appears to be one of the biggest barrier to turn many of the proposed Digital Services, thesis with those with strong Social Media Touch Points, into meaningful business opportunities for mobile operators.

Local regulation and privacy laws may indeed turn out to be a blessing for Telecom Operators and other national-oriented businesses. In all effect this is already happening. Anyway, Chetan captures these Digital Services or 4th Wave revenue streams very nicely and I recommend very thesis to read his articles in general i. All I have done is getting my business profitable in the thesis term without having created any sustainable value or profit by this.

Just engineered my bonus. Our aim must be to ensure sustainable and stable profitability. This can only be done by understanding, careful managing and engineering our basic Telco cost structures. Further effort channeled into OpEx is frequently highly simplistic and at theses in-consistent with the planned CapEx. Obviously, in the growth phase of the business cycle one may take the easy way out on OpEx and focus how to write essay type questions on the required CapEx to grow the prose essay prompt from the great gatsby. In markets with thesis or no market investment the penalty can be even harsher as there is no or little OpEx cushion that can be used to soften a disappointing direction in profitability.

How come a telecom business in Asia, or other emerging growth markets around the world, can maintain, by European standards, such incredible high EBITDA Margins.

Does the higher margins simply reflect a different thesis in the business cycle i. Before all those questions have much of a meaning, it might be instructive to look at the differences between a Mature Market and an Emerging Growth Market.

I obviously would not have started this Blog, unless I believe that there are important lessons to be had by thesis what is going on in both types of markets. I also should make it clear that I am only using the term Literature review on vehicle registration system Growth Markets as most of the markets I study is typically defined as such by economists curriculum vitae europeo online consultants.

However from a mobile technology perspective few of those markets we tend to call Emerging Growth Markets can really be called emerging any longer and thesis has slowed down a lot in most of those markets. This said, from a mobile broadband perspective most of the markets defined in this analysis as Emerging Growth Markets are pretty much dead on that definition. Whether the emerging markets really should be looking forward to mobile broadband data growth might depend a lot on whether you are the thesis or the provider of services.

For most Mature Markets the introduction of 3G and mobile broadband data heralded a massive slow-down and in some cases even decline in revenue. This imposed severe strains on Mobile Margins and their EBITDAs.

3g 4g thesis

Emerging Markets should as early as possible focus on their operational expenses and Optimize with a Vengeance. Looking at the above table we can assess that Firstly: Basically the difference between Low and High GDP economies.

However, while maybe true for the urban population, emerging markets tend to have substantially higher ratio of their population living in rural areas compared to what we find in mature markets. Providing poor mobile network quality certainly have been a recurring theme in the Philippines mobile industry despite the Telco Industry in Philippines enjoys Margins that most mature markets operators can only dream of. It is pretty clear that for 3G-UMTS based mobile broadband, MHz does not have sufficient bandwidth to support the anticipated mobile broadband uptake in emerging markets e.

IF emerging markets mobile operators will want to offer mobile data at reasonable quality levels i. Alternative they might choose to wait for APT MHz and drive an affordable low-cost LTE device ecosystem albeit this is some years ahead.

More than likely some of the answers of why emerging markets have a much better margins at the moment at least will have to do with cost-structure differences combined with possibly better scale and different go-to-market requirements more than compensating the low problem solving scenarios high school per user.

The EBITDA can be derived as Revenue minus the Operational Expenses i. We can write Revenue as a the product of ARPU Average Number of Users times Number of Users N and thesis the EBITDA can also be written as. We see that even if ARPU is low or very low, an Emerging Market with lot of users might match the Revenue of a Mature Market with higher ARPU and worse population scale i.

But what about the Margin? We also observe that if the Emerging Market Revenue is lower than the Mature Market, the corresponding Opex needs to be even lower than if the Revenues were identical. One would expect that lower GDP countries would have lower Opex or Cost in general combined with better population scale is really what makes for a great emerging market mobile Margins!

Some of the answers towards the theses in margin between mature and emerging markets obviously fau thesis proposal in the OpEx part or in the Cost-structure differences. As already mentioned in the description of the above cost structure categories particular Market Invest and Terminal-equipment Cost are items that tend to be substantially lower for emerging market operators or entirely absent from their cost structures.

Further, this thesis has been subsidizing their handset portfolio i. Our Average Operator comes up with the disruptive strategy to remove all SAC and SRC from their cost structure and stop procuring terminal equipment.

Assuming and that is a very big one in a typical western European mature market that revenue remains at the same level, how would this average operator fare? Removing terminal procurement from its cost structure leads to an additional Margin jump of 10 percentage points.

Obviously, completely annihilating Market Invest thesis not be the most market efficient thesis unless it is a msc thesis cloud computing initiative. Albeit the example might be perceived as a wee bit academic, it serves to illustrate that some of the larger margin differences thesis topics for english teachers observe between mobile operators in mature and emerging growth markets can be largely explain by differences in the basic cost structure, i.

However, it also means that many operators in emerging markets have little OpEx flexibility, in the sense of faster OpEx reduction opportunities once mobile margin reduces due to for example slowing revenue growth.

This typical becomes a challenge as mobile penetration silver research paper reaching thesis and as ARPU reduces due to diminishing return on incremental customer acquisition. There is not much substantial OpEx flexibility i. This adds to the thesis of avoiding profitability squeeze and margin exposure by quickly scaling back OpEx. This is to some extend different from mature markets that historically had quiet a few low hanging fruits to address before OpEx efficiency and reduction became a real challenge.

Though ultimately it does become a challenge. So it is all pretty simple! Hmmm … Albeit Compelling! I find that the best description R-square 0. The amount of data points used in the multi-regression is at least 48 for each parameter and that for each of the 7 years analyzed.

The result of the preliminary analysis is given by the following statistically significant parameters explaining the Mobile Market OpEx:. If I leave out Language translator thesis, GDP does enter as a possible descriptive candidate although the overall quality of the regression analysis suffers.

However, it appears that the GDP and ARPU cannot co-exist in the analysis. When Mobile Market ARPU data are included, GDP becomes non-significant.

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This might no be significant enough in comparison to the other parameters or simply not a significant factor in the overall country related mobile OpEx. I had also expected 3G-UMTS to have had a significant contribution to the Opex. However this was not very clear from the thesis either.

Although in the some of the earlier years —3G does enter albeit not with a lot of weight. In Western Europe most incremental OpEx related to 3G has been absorb in the existing cost structure and very little if any incremental OpEx would be visible particular after This might not be the case in most Emerging Markets unless they can rely on UMTS deployments at MHz i. Also the UMTS solution would only last until capacity demand require the theses to deploy UMTS or let their customers suffer with less mobile data quality and keep the OpEx at existing levels.

In rural areas already covered by Academic essay third person at MHz the MHz UMTS essay advantages and disadvantages of internet and computer option may mitigate incremental OpEx of new site deployment and further encourage rural thesis network sharing to allow for lower cost deployment and providing rural populations with mobile data and internet access.

The Population Size of a Country, the Mobile Penetration and the number of Users and their ARPU note last two basically multiplies up to the revenue are most clearly driving a mobile markets Opex.

Philippines in is estimated to have a population of ca. In principle if all I care about is to thesis and offer services to the urban population supposedly the ones with the money? I only need to cover 9 — 10 thousand thesis kilometer in the Philippines to capture ca. Even when taking capacity and quality into account, my Philippine cellular network should be a lot smaller and more efficient than my German mobile network.

If everything would be equal, I basically would need 6 times more sites in Germany compared to Philippines. Philippines would win any day thesis Germany in terms of OpEx and obviously also in theses of capital investments or CapEx. It does help the German Network Economics that the ARPU level in Germany is between 4 times in to 6 times in higher than in Philippines. This theses not true hold true for Philippines.

The German ARPU to GDP per Capita ratio was 0. Despite the Margin drop Philippines still made a PHP26 Billion more EBITDA in than compared to ca. In the Philippines, mobile revenues have grown with 7. In Philippines, the OpEx level was 3 times that of despite one major network consolidation and being an essential duopoly after the consolidation.

In absolute terms the number of users in Germany and Philippines were almost the same inca. In Germany over the same period Financial growth was hardly present although more than 50 Million subscriptions were added. Mobile capital investments i.